According to WHO criteria, how is ACS diagnosed?

The correct answer involves understanding the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). According to these criteria, the diagnosis of ACS is indeed based on meeting two out of three specific conditions, which generally include the presence of characteristic chest pain, changes in the ECG, and elevated cardiac biomarkers (such as troponins) indicative of myocardial injury.

This triad of criteria reflects the multifaceted nature of ACS, recognizing that patients may present with varied symptoms and laboratory findings. Depending on the individual case, all three criteria may not necessarily be present simultaneously, making it essential to rely on multiple types of data for an accurate diagnosis.

The other options do not accurately capture the comprehensive diagnostic approach recommended by the WHO. Simply having chest pain and elevated blood pressure, or three positive biomarkers without considering other factors such as ECG changes, would not suffice for a definitive diagnosis. Furthermore, a normal ECG combined with a lack of symptoms contradicts the typical presentation of ACS, rendering the diagnosis highly unlikely. Thus, the emphasis on meeting two out of three specific criteria ensures a thorough evaluation aligned with the clinical nuances of ACS.