What condition is characterized by damage to the retina due to hypertension?

Retinopathy is specifically a condition involving damage to the retina, often as a result of chronic hypertension. High blood pressure can lead to changes in the blood vessels of the retina, causing them to become narrowed, blocked, or leaky. This can result in various symptoms and complications, such as vision impairment or loss if left untreated. Hypertensive retinopathy is a recognized manifestation of systemic hypertension and is typically assessed during routine eye examinations.

The other conditions mentioned do not specifically relate to retinal damage from hypertension. Neuropathy refers to nerve damage, primarily affecting peripheral nerves, while cataracts involve clouding of the lens in the eye, and macular degeneration relates to the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, affecting central vision. None of these conditions are caused by hypertension in the same direct manner that retinopathy is.