Which complication from sheath removal may lead to a significant medical concern?

Sheath removal after a percutaneous procedure can lead to several potential complications, with pseudaneurysm being a particularly significant concern. A pseudaneurysm results when there is a defect in the arterial wall, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding tissue, where it forms a hematoma that can mimic a true aneurysm. This can happen due to improper technique during sheath removal or insufficient hemostasis.

The significance of a pseudaneurysm lies in its potential to cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and pressure. Additionally, if large or symptomatic, it may require intervention such as ultrasound-guided compression, thrombin injection, or even surgical repair. It can also lead to hemorrhagic complications if the contained blood ruptures or compresses surrounding structures.

Considering the other options, while pneumothorax can occur in certain contexts related to vascular access (particularly in the context of central line placement), it is not a primary concern specifically associated with sheath removal itself. Dislocation usually refers to joints rather than vascular access complications and cardiac arrest, though a severe complication, is generally associated with underlying cardiac conditions rather than directly with sheath removal. The risk and potential severity make pseudaneurysm a key complication to monitor for after sheath removal.